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Canadian Work Visa
Canadian Work Visa
Foreign nationals seeking temporary work in Canada generally need a work permit. The main programs for work permits are the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) and the International Mobility Program (IMP). The TFWP issues work permits based on a positive Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA), which confirms the need for a foreign worker and the unavailability of Canadian workers for the job. The IMP does not require an LMIA but requires employers to submit an employment offer through their employer portal.
Canada issues two types of work permits: employer-specific and open work permits.
LMIA-Based Work Permits
A Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) is a document required by Canadian employers to hire most foreign workers. A positive LMIA confirms the necessity for a foreign worker and that no Canadian worker is available. Employers apply for the LMIA, which, once obtained, is sent to the candidate to include with their work permit application. Generally, a temporary foreign worker needs both a work permit and a positive LMIA to work in Canada. Certain occupations do not require an LMIA.
Employers needing an LMIA to hire a foreign national can do so through the TFWP, while those who do not require an LMIA can use the IMP.
How Canada Makes LMIA Application Decisions
The decision to issue a positive LMIA is made by Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) and communicated to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). IRCC then informs the employer of the final decision. ESDC considers factors such as:
- The impact of hiring a foreign worker on the Canadian labor market.
- The wages and working conditions offered.
- The availability of Canadian citizens or permanent residents for the job.
- The potential transfer of useful knowledge and skills.
- Whether hiring the foreign worker will create jobs for Canadian citizens and permanent residents.
LMIA Validity and Duration of Employment
After a positive LMIA is issued, a temporary foreign worker has a six-month window to use it to apply for a work permit. Extensions are not available. If the six-month period lapses and the foreign worker has not applied for a work permit, a new LMIA application must be submitted.
In Quebec, a separate LMIA application process is in place.
Important Distinction
The validity of an LMIA differs from the duration of employment associated with it. The LMIA's validity period is the time a foreign worker applicant has to utilize the LMIA to apply for a work permit. Conversely, the duration of employment refers to how long the work permit, issued based on the LMIA, remains valid. There are three options for the duration of employment with an LMIA:
- Temporary duration to support only a work permit application.
- Permanent duration to support a permanent residence application. Work permits issued under a permanent duration LMIA are valid for up to two years, provided the candidate meets the LMIA requirements. These permits are not extendable, regardless of the status of the permanent residence application.
- A combination of permanent and temporary duration to support both a permanent residence application and a work permit application.
- Jobs covered by an international trade agreement, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
- Jobs included in an agreement between the federal government and a provincial or territorial government.
- Jobs that are deemed to be in Canada's best interest.
Note: Foreign workers exempt from the LMIA requirement must still secure a work permit to work in Canada.
Jobs Falling Under International Accords
Temporary foreign worker applicants applying for positions covered by the following trade agreements do not need an LMIA:
- North American Free Trade Accord (NAFTA)
- Canada-Chile Free Trade Accord
- Canada-Peru Free Trade Accord
- Canada-Colombia Free Trade Accord
- Canada-Korea Free Trade Accord
- The General Accord on Trades and Services
Additionally, there are non-trade related international accords and organizations that permit foreign workers to work in Canada without an LMIA. These include:
- Accords between Canada and other countries regarding airline workers.
- Members of the Airline Telecommunication & Information Services (SITA)
- Workers under the Canada-Bermuda Memorandum of Understanding for Professional Trainees
- Workers under the Canada-USA Arrangement for IRS employees
- Employees of the Cooperative Waterfowl Survey & Banding Program
- Public Safety Canada workers
- Workers entering Canada to co-produce a film
- Participants in the Fulbright Program between Canada and the USA
- Members of the International Air Transport Association
- Employees of the International Pacific Halibut Commission
- Liaison Officers working in the Canada-Jamaica Seasonal Agricultural Program
- Workers under the Canada-Malaysia Professional Accounting Trainees Program
- Members of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)
- Members of the North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC)
- Members of the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO)
- Workers under the Organization for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
- Members of the Pacific Salmon Commission (PSC)
- Individuals entering Canada to work at Roosevelt Campobello National Park
- Workers under the Scientific and Technical Cooperation Accord between Canada and Germany
- Employees of Telefilm
- USA Government workers
Jobs Falling Under Domestic Accords
Certain programs established by agreements between the Canadian Federal Government and provincial or territorial governments allow foreign workers to bypass the LMIA requirement. These programs include:
1. Provincial/Territorial Nomination Programs: Under these programs, a worker may receive a work permit without an LMIA if they:
- Have been nominated for permanent residence by a provincial government AND
- Are employed in the nominating province or have a job offer from an employer in the nominating province
For this exemption to apply, the foreign national’s work permit application must include:
- The Offer of Employment to a Foreign National Exempt from a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) form.
- Proof of payment of the required fee by the employer.
- A copy of the provincial/territorial government’s nomination letter, indicating the foreign worker has been nominated for permanent residence.
- A statement from the nominating province detailing the job, the employer, and confirming that all requirements for the work permit issuance have been met. These requirements include:
- The nominated worker is urgently needed by the employer.
- The job offer is legitimate.
- The job offer is legitimate.
- The job will provide economic benefits to the province.
- The job is not part-time or seasonal.
- The wages and working conditions are sufficient to attract a Canadian citizen.
Applications lacking these elements will be refused. The validity of a work permit issued under this program will match the job offer duration. For permanent positions, the permit will be valid for up to two years.
Spouses or common-law partners of work permit holders nominated for permanent residence by a province can obtain an open work permit valid for the same duration as their partner’s work permit. For more details on open work permits, click here. (Open work permits)
2. The Province of Ontario Initiative: Open Work Permits for Master's and PhD Graduates: To qualify for an open work permit under this program, a foreign worker must:
1. Hold a Master's or PhD degree.
2. Be nominated for permanent residence in Ontario through the Pilot Masters Graduate Stream or PhD Graduate Stream of the International Student Category.
3. Reside in Ontario or plan to live in Ontario while the work permit is valid.
4. Hold a valid temporary resident permit, or, if currently outside Canada or ineligible for renewal, apply under this program at a Canadian visa office abroad or at a Canadian port of entry.
5. Obtain a letter of support from the Ontario Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration.
Open work permits under this program are valid only for work in Ontario and last for 18 months or until the expiry date of the worker’s passport, whichever is shorter.
Work Permit Exemptions
Jobs That Do Not Require a Work Permit in Canada
A detailed list of jobs that allow a foreign national to work in Canada without needing a work permit includes:
1. Business Visitor
2. Foreign Representatives and Their Family Members
3. Military Personnel
4. Foreign Government Officers
5. On-Campus Work
6. Performing Artists
7. Athletes and Team Members
8. News Reporters and Media Crews
9. Public Speakers
10. Convention Organizers
11. Clergy
12. Judges, Referees, and Similar Officials
13. Examiners and Evaluators
14. Expert Witnesses or Investigators
15. Health Care Students
16. Civil Aviation Inspectors
17. Aviation Accident or Incident Inspectors
18. Crew
19. Emergency Service Providers
20. Implied Status
21. Off-Campus Work
22. Farm Work
Military Personnel
Military personnel ordered to Canada do not require a work permit as long as they are serving a country designated under the Visiting Forces Act. Note: This exemption applies to military personnel, not "military attachés" who work for diplomatic missions.
Athletes and Team Members
Foreign-born professional or amateur athletes can participate in Canadian sporting events individually or as a team without a work permit. This exemption also includes coaches, trainers, and other essential team members. Spouses of professional athletes must have a work permit but are exempt from the LMIA requirement.
Public Speakers
This category includes guest speakers for specific events, commercial speakers, and seminar leaders. The speaking engagements must not exceed five days. However, commercial speakers hired by a Canadian business for training services or guest athletics instructors for weekend seminars must obtain a work permit and LMIA.
Convention Organizers
Individuals, committees, and support staff organizing conventions or conferences do not need a work permit for:
- Association meetings
- Corporate meetings
- Trade shows or exhibitions
- Consumer shows or exhibitions
Note: This exemption does not cover "hands-on" workers, such as those providing audio-visual, installation, dismantling, decorating, or exhibit building services. Convention organizers must obtain a work permit if organizing an event for an organization that:
- Is actively doing business in Canada
- Is centered in Canada
- Has a subsidiary branch in Canada
Clergy
Individuals engaged in preaching doctrine, presiding at religious events, or providing spiritual guidance are exempt from needing a work permit. Those involved in religiously-based community service must have a work permit but are exempt from the LMIA requirement. Evidence must be provided showing:
- The genuineness of the religious employment offer
- The authenticity of the religious group offering the job
- The clergyman's ability to perform clerical duties
Note: Visa officers may request additional evidence to assess the genuineness of the religious job offer.
Judges, Referees, and Similar Officials
Judges, referees, and similar officials may work in Canada without a work permit for:
- International amateur sports contests organized by an international association and hosted by a Canadian organization
- International cultural or artistic events or contests
- Animal or agricultural contests
Note: Referees for professional sports leagues usually need a work permit and LMIA, but those in leagues like the NHL, MLB, and NBA are exempt due to reciprocal agreements between Canada and the USA.
Examiners and Evaluators
Successful academics who guide students and review their theses or papers, as well as professors and researchers evaluating university programs or research proposals, can enter Canada without a work permit.
Expert Witnesses or Investigators
Workers entering Canada do not need a work permit to:
- Conduct surveys or analyses for evidence before a regulatory body, tribunal, or court
- Serve as an expert witness before a regulatory body, tribunal, or court
Civil Aviation Inspectors
Flight operations and cabin safety inspectors entering Canada temporarily to inspect safety procedures on commercial international flights are exempt from the work permit requirement. They must be employed by a recognized aeronautics safety authority and have valid documentation proving their status as aviation inspectors.
Aviation Accident or Incident Inspectors
Accredited representatives or advisors involved in investigating aviation accidents or incidents under the Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board Act are exempt from the work permit requirement.
Emergency Service Providers
Individuals coming to Canada to provide emergency services are exempt from the work permit requirement. This includes:
- Doctors
- Medical teams
- Appraisers
- Provincially licensed insurance adjusters
Emergencies may be medical, industrial, environmental, or due to natural disasters. Foreign insurance adjusters must meet all relevant provincial regulatory requirements.
Implied Status
Workers may continue working under an expired work permit if they applied for a new permit before the old one expired and remain in Canada. If the new permit application is rejected, the worker must leave Canada.
Farm Work
A person may work on a farm without a work permit if:
- The work is voluntary
- The primary reason for coming to Canada was not farm work (e.g., tourism or visiting family/friends)
- The farm is non-commercial. Non-commercial farms are typically those where the owner provides most of the capital and labor, and the produce is used mainly for the owner's family’s needs with little extra for profit.
Open Work Permits
An Open Work Permit permits a foreign national to work for any Canadian employer for a specified period. Some open work permits may have restrictions on the type of job or location in which the foreign national can work in Canada.
A worker can apply for an Open Work Permit within Canada, from outside Canada, or at a Canadian port of entry. Open work permits are granted only to those who are exempt from the LMIA requirement.
What Is an Open Work Permit in Canada?
An Open Work Permit in Canada allows foreign nationals to work for any employer and in most occupations without needing a specific job offer at the time of application. Unlike employer-specific work permits, which tie the worker to a single employer and position, open work permits offer greater flexibility and mobility within the Canadian job market.
Open work permits are especially beneficial for those seeking employment opportunities across various regions or sectors, as they do not require modifications for every job change.
There are two main types of open work permits in Canada: unrestricted and occupation-restricted. Detailed requirements for each type are outlined below.
Open work permits play a crucial role in supporting Canada’s labor market by attracting skilled and adaptable workers on Canadian work visas.
Required Documents for a Temporary Work Permit
Who Can Apply for an Open Work Permit?
- Foreign nationals with no other means of support
- Permanent residency applicants in Canada
- Foreign nationals residing in Canada for humanitarian reasons
- Participants in certain international student and young worker exchange programs
- Family members of military personnel and foreign representatives
- Professional athletes
- Spouses of skilled worker residents
- Spouses of foreign students
- Foreign nationals in Canada with an expiring work permit who have applied for permanent residence under:
- The Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSWP)
- The Canadian Experience Class (CEC)
- A Provincial Nominee Program (PNP)
- The Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP)
- Foreign nationals who have applied for permanent residence under the Spouse or Common Law Partner stream. They can obtain an open work permit if:
- The spouse or common-law partner has submitted a permanent residency application
- The spouse/partner is a Canadian citizen or permanent resident
- The spouse/partner has submitted a sponsorship application on the applicant’s behalf
- They live at the same address as the sponsor/spouse/partner
- They have valid temporary resident status as a visitor, student, or worker
General Eligibility Requirements For an Open Work Permit in Canada
To qualify for an Open Work Permit in Canada, applicants must be legally residing in Canada or their home country. Requirements include completing necessary forms, providing proof of identity, and possibly undergoing a medical exam. Applicants must have no criminal record, demonstrate financial sufficiency, comply with current status conditions, and intend to leave Canada when the permit expires unless seeking an extension.
How to Apply for a Temporary Work Permit
Unrestricted Open Work Permit in Canada
An unrestricted open work permit allows a foreign national to work in any job, anywhere in Canada, and for any employer. Eligible workers who have passed the medical exam can receive an unrestricted open work permit. If a worker has failed the medical exam, they may still qualify if they:
- Have no other means of support
- Belong to specific groups of permanent resident applicants in Canada
Occupation-Restricted Open Permit in Canada
An occupation-restricted open permit allows a foreign national to work for any employer, but specifies the type of job. Occupation-restricted open permits are given to eligible workers who have not completed a medical exam. Holders are usually restricted from working in health-related jobs.
If the worker from a country not requiring a medical exam receives an occupation-restricted open permit, they cannot work in:
- Childcare
- Primary or secondary school teaching
- Health services
If from a country requiring a medical exam, the restrictions include:
- Childcare
- Primary or secondary school teaching
- Health services
- Farming
Steps to Apply for an Open Work Permit in Canada:
1. Determine Eligibility: Review the eligibility criteria, ensuring all requirements are met, including legal residency and program-specific conditions.
2. Gather Required Documents: Collect necessary documents such as proof of identity, legal status, and additional program-specific paperwork. Ensure completeness and accuracy.
3. Submit the Application: Apply online or via paper, following detailed instructions. Pay the required work permit fee using accepted payment methods.
4. After Submission: Await processing, noting that times may vary. Applicants may receive interim status, allowing them to stay in Canada while awaiting application processing.
Open Work Permit in Canada FAQ
How Do I Get an Open Work Permit in Canada?
To obtain an open work permit in Canada, determine your eligibility—such as being a recent graduate, a spouse of a skilled worker, or participating in specific youth programs. Gather necessary documents, including a valid passport, recent photographs, proof of status in Canada (if applicable), and supporting documents like a graduation or marriage certificate. Apply online through the Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) website, create an account, complete the required forms, and pay the application fee. Processing times vary, so apply well in advance. If approved, you’ll receive a letter of introduction (if outside Canada) or a new permit (if within Canada). Present this letter to a border services officer upon arrival in Canada to receive your open work permit.
How Much Is the Fee for an Open Work Permit in Canada?
The current fee for an open work permit in Canada is $255, which includes $155 for the work permit application and an additional $100 for the open work permit holder fee. Check the IRCC website for the most current fee information before applying or extending a work permit.
How Much Funds Are Required for a Canada Spouse Open Work Permit?
There is no specific amount required solely for the spouse open work permit in Canada. Immigration authorities generally expect the principal applicant (student or skilled worker) to demonstrate sufficient funds to support both themselves and their spouse during their stay in Canada.
What are the Eligibility Requirements for Open Work Permits?
Eligibility requirements for an open work permit in Canada vary by category. For the Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP), you must have graduated from a Designated Learning Institution (DLI) with a program of at least eight months leading to a degree, diploma, or certificate. Students must have a valid study permit when applying. Spouses or common-law partners of skilled workers must show that their partner is working in a skilled occupation in Canada.
Common Scenarios and Tips
- Applying for an open work permit from outside Canada: Create an account on the IRCC website, complete the required forms, and submit necessary documents, including proof of eligibility and a valid passport. Apply well in advance due to variable processing times.
- Applying from within Canada: If you are already in Canada with valid status, you can apply online or by mail. Ensure you have all supporting documents such as proof of current status and any specific program requirements.
- Applying at a Canadian port of entry: This option is available for certain eligible applicants, such as those from visa-exempt countries. Present all required documents and proof of eligibility to a border services officer upon arrival.
Tips for a successful application:
Double-check eligibility criteria, ensure all forms and documents are complete and accurate, and pay the required fees. Apply well in advance of your intended start date and monitor processing times. Providing comprehensive supporting documentation can help avoid delays.
Conclusion
An open work permit in Canada allows foreign nationals to work for any employer, providing flexibility in job offers. Applications can be made from outside Canada, within Canada, or at a Canadian port of entry. To ensure success, review eligibility requirements, gather necessary documents, and apply early. For additional assistance with a work permit or work permit extension application, consider seeking professional advice.
Contact us for assistance with your open work permit in Canada application
Global Skills Stream
Under the Global Talent Stream (GTS), skilled workers can expect their Canada work permits and visa applications to be processed within two weeks. This program, part of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program, was launched on June 12, 2017, with Quebec introducing its version on September 11, 2017. The aim is to assist high-growth companies in quickly bringing in the talent they need by significantly reducing processing times from six months to just 10 business days.
A key feature of the Global Talent Stream is that registered employers must commit to creating jobs for Canadians and transferring knowledge to Canadian workers as part of a Labour Market Benefits Plan.
The Global Talent Stream is an element of the broader Global Skills Strategy, designed to help Canadian businesses, including startups, thrive by addressing their talent needs swiftly.
What Are the Key Elements of the Global Talent Stream?
- Two-week processing standard for Canada work permit and visa applications for highly skilled talent.
- Dedicated service for companies making significant job-creating investments in Canada.
- Exemption from work permit requirements for short-term highly skilled work (30 days or less in a 12-month period) and brief academic stays.
- Streamlined application process:
- Client-focused service to guide eligible employers through the application process and the development of the Labour Market Benefits Plan, with a service standard of 10 business days.
- Work permit applications for eligible workers processed in 10 business days.
What Are the Global Talent Stream Requirements?
Category A: List of ESDC Designated Partners as of August 13, 2018
Under Category A, employers must be referred by one of the following entities (subject to change):
- Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency
- BC Tech Association
- Business Development Bank of Canada
- Canadian Economic Development for Quebec Regions
- City of Hamilton’s Economic Development Office
- Communitech Corporation
- Council of Canadian Innovators
- Economic Development Winnipeg
- Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario
- Global Affairs Canada’s Trade Commissioner Service
- Government of Alberta, Alberta Labour
- Government of British Columbia, Ministry of Jobs, Trade and Technology
- Government of Manitoba, Manitoba Education and Training
- Government of Ontario, Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation, and Trade – Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program
- Government of Ontario, Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation, and Trade – Ontario Investment Office
- Government of Prince Edward Island, Island Investment Development Inc.
- Government of Saskatchewan, Ministry of Immigration and Career Training – Employer Services Branch
- Halifax Partnership
- ICT Association of Manitoba (ICTAM)
- Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada – Accelerated Growth Service
- Invest Ottawa
- London Economic Development Corporation
- MaRS Discovery District
- National Research Council – Industrial Research Assistance Program (NRC-IRAP)
- Privy Council Office, Special Projects Team
- Vancouver Economic Commission
- Venn Innovation
- Waterloo Region Economic Development Corporation
Quebec Designated Partners:
- Investissement Quebec
- Montréal International
- Québec International
- L'Association quebecoise des technologies
Under Category A, foreign workers must possess unique and specialized talent to qualify for a Canada work permit, defined as:
- Advanced knowledge of the industry.
- Highly paid position with a salary usually of $80,000 or more.
Additionally, they must meet at least one of the following:
- Advanced degree in an area of specialization relevant to the employer.
- Minimum of five years of specialized experience in the field.
Category B
What Jobs Are Covered by the Global Talent Stream?
For Category B, employers must hire highly-skilled foreign workers to fill positions in occupations listed on the Global Talent Stream occupation list.
NOC code 2016 | NOC code 2021 | Occupation | Minimum wage requirement (annual salary) | Minimum wage requirement (hourly rate) |
0213 | 20012 | Computer and information systems managers | prevailing wage | prevailing wage |
2147 | 21311 | Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) | prevailing wage | prevailing wage |
Sub-set of 2161* | Sub-set of 21210* | Mathematicians and statisticians * Positions for actuaries or related occupations are excluded from this subset. | prevailing wage | prevailing wage |
2171 | 21211 – Data scientists 21220 – Cybersecurity specialists 21221 – Business system specialists 21222 – Information systems specialists 21233 – Web designers | Information systems analysts and consultants | prevailing wage | prevailing wage |
2172 | 21211 – Data scientists 21223 – Database analysts and data administrators | Database analysts and data administrators | prevailing wage | prevailing wage |
2173 | 21231 – Software engineers and designers 21211 – Data scientists | Software engineers and designers | prevailing wage | prevailing wage |
2174 | 21230 – Computer systems developers and programmers 21232 – Software developers and programmers 21234 – Web developers and programmers | Computer programmers and interactive media developers | prevailing wage | prevailing wage |
2175 | 21233 – Web designers 21234 – Web developers and programmers | Web designers and developers | prevailing wage | prevailing wage |
2281 | 22220 | Computer network technician | $82,000 or higher prevailing wage | $39.42 or higher prevailing wage |
2283 | 22222 | Information systems testing technicians | $80,000 or higher prevailing wage | $38.46 or higher prevailing wage |
Sub-set of 5131* | Sub-set of 51120* | Producer, technical, creative and artistic director and project manager – Visual effects and video game Position requires a minimum of five years of experience in the visual effects, video game or animation industries in one or a combination of the following roles: producer, technical director, creative director, artistic director or project manager, with experience in at least one or more of the following skills relevant to the visual effects, video game or animation industries: surfacing and look development; character or simulation rigging; matte painting; or technical pipeline development and application for visual effects, video games, or animation production. | $78,000 or higher prevailing wage | $37.50 or higher prevailing wage |
Sub-set of 5241* | Sub-set of 52120* | Digital Media and Design Position requires a minimum of five years of experience in at least one of the following digital media design skills: 3D modeling, virtual reality, augmented reality, digital media animation, levels editing for digital media design, software editing for digital media design, pipeline software development or applications relevant for digital media design. | $80,000 or higher prevailing wage | $38.46 or higher prevailing wage |
Quebec sets its own minimum wage floors for applications from within the province. For detailed information on these requirements, consult the Quebec immigration website.
Processing Fee
A non-refundable fee of $1,000 is required from the employer.
What is the Labour Market Benefits Plan?
The Labour Market Benefits Plan (LMBP) is a crucial component of the Global Talent Stream (GTS). Developed in collaboration with Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC), the LMBP must demonstrate how hiring a foreign worker will benefit Canadian workers by creating jobs or transferring skills. It also enables ESDC to monitor the company's progress.
Features of the LMBP:
- Mandatory Benefits:
- Category A: Job creation for Canadian citizens and permanent residents.
- Category B: Increasing skills and training investments for Canadians and permanent residents.
- Complementary Benefits: Must be different from the mandatory benefits and may include:
- Job creation
- Investment in skills and training
- Knowledge transfer
- Enhanced company performance
- Implementing best practices or policies for the workforce
Global Talent Stream: General Requirements
Business Legitimacy:
- Employers must provide evidence of their active engagement in the business requiring the temporary worker, including documentation such as Canadian business licences, legal incorporation forms, and tax documents.
- New employers must submit proof of business legitimacy, while returning employers may need to provide additional proof if requested.
Recruitment:
- Employers should actively seek to hire Canadians and permanent residents before recruiting foreign workers. A description of this recruitment effort will be requested.
Wages:
- Wages must be comparable to the prevailing rates paid to Canadians and permanent residents for similar positions.
Job Duties and Working Conditions:
- Foreign workers must perform only the job they were hired for and are protected by the same laws as Canadians. Exploitation of foreign workers is prohibited by Canadian law.
- Provincial and territorial laws govern:
- Hours of work (including overtime)
- Compensation
- Working conditions
- Termination of employment
Workplace Safety:
- Foreign workers must be covered by provincial or territorial workplace safety insurance, and any private plan must match or exceed the terms of the provincial or territorial plan.
Language Restriction:
- Jobs may only require English or French. Justification is needed if other languages are essential.
Unionized Positions:
- Foreign workers in unionized positions must receive the same wages and terms as Canadians and permanent residents covered by the union.
Employer Compliance:
- Employers must adhere to all general requirements of the TFWP.
Employers in Quebec:
- Quebec employers must submit their applications to both ESDC and the Quebec Ministry of Immigration, Diversity and Inclusion.
Interested Employers/Candidates:
- Employers should contact for more information, and candidates can find out if they qualify by completing a free online evaluation.
International Mobility Program
The International Mobility Program (IMP) allows Canadian employers to hire foreign workers without an LMIA if the positions:
Positions exempt from requiring a LMIA are those which:
- Provide economic, cultural, or competitive advantages for Canada.
- Offer reciprocal benefits to Canadian citizens and permanent residents.
Workers who are eligible for the International Mobility Program (IMP) include:
- Workers entering Canada under trade treaties like CUSMA or CETA.
- Open work permit holders.
- Intra-company transferees.
Fees and Application Details:
- Employer Compliance Fee: $230, except for open work permit holders and certain exempt positions.
- Employer Portal: Job offers must be submitted through the IRCC Employer Portal, where detailed job information is required.
- Offer of Employment Number: Given to employers, this number is required by foreign workers to complete their work permit applications.
- Work Permit Issuance: Workers receive a letter of introduction or a new work permit upon approval. The letter can be exchanged for a work permit at the port of entry.
The International Mobility Program (IMP) is managed primarily by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). Other federal departments involved include the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC). The IMP is distinct from the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP), which is mainly administered by ESDC, with contributions from IRCC and CBSA. IRCC operates the International Mobility Program Unit to assist companies hiring through this program.
Post Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)
The Post Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) allows international students to work in Canada for up to three years after graduation. The PGWP is exempt from Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) requirements. To qualify, the candidate must have attended a recognized post-secondary institution, or a secondary school with qualifying programs, for a minimum of eight months.
International Experience Canada Program
International Experience Canada (IEC) provides foreign youth aged 18 to 35 (or 18 to 30 in some countries) with the opportunity to live and work in Canada for up to two years. The program includes three categories:
1. Working Holiday:
- Eligibility: No job offer, intent to work for multiple employers or locations, desire to earn money for travel.
- Permit: Open work permit.
- Medical Exam: May be required for some jobs.
2. Young Professionals:
- Eligibility: Job offer in Canada that contributes to professional development, working with the same employer in the same location.
- Permit: Employer-specific work permit.
- Job Requirements: Paid, not self-employed, related to professional development. Jobs must be classified under TEER categories 0, 1, 2, or 3 of the NOC, or TEER 4 if related to the candidate’s field of study. Proof of post-secondary education (diploma, certificate, or degree) is required.
3. International Co-op (Internship):
- Eligibility: Student registered at a post-secondary institution, job offer for a work placement or internship in Canada needed to complete studies, working with the same employer in the same location.
- Permit: Employer-specific work permit.
- Job Requirements: Internship must be related to the field of study. Wages and labor standards must comply with local labor laws, and whether the internship is paid or not will be determined by the labor code.
Countries That Are Part of International Experience Canada
Citizens of partner countries may be able to apply for one or more of the three categories detailed above:
Country | Age Limit | Working Holiday | Young Professionals | International Co-op (Internship) |
18 to 30 | Yes | No | No | |
Australia | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Austria | 18 to 30 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Belgium | 18 to 30 | Yes | No | No |
Chile | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Costa Rica | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Croatia | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Czech Republic | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Denmark | 18 to 35 | Yes | No | No |
Estonia | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
France | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Germany | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Greece | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Hong Kong SAR | 18 to 30 | Yes | No | No |
Ireland | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Japan | 18 to 30 | Yes | No | No |
Korea, Republic | 18 to 30 | Yes | No | No |
Latvia Republic | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Lithuania | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Luxembourg | 18 to 30 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Mexico | 18 to 29 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Netherlands | 18 to 30 | Yes | Yes | No |
New Zealand | 18 to 35 | Yes | No | No |
Norway | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Poland | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Portugal | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
San Marino | 18 to 35 | Yes | No | No |
Slovakia | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Slovenia | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Spain | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Sweden | 18 to 30 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Switzerland | 18 to 35 | No | Yes | Yes |
Taiwan | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Ukraine | 18 to 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
United Kingdom | 18 to 30 | Yes | No | No |
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) provides a list of recognized youth service organizations (ROs) that offer various services under the IEC program. These organizations assist both Canadians going abroad and foreign nationals coming to Canada, often providing support with job placement, housing, and travel arrangements.
Citizens from IEC countries or territories may use an RO for additional support, but it is not mandatory. For those from countries not part of IEC, using an RO is required to participate in the program. Currently, there are seven recognized organizations:
Approved Organizations Under International Experience Canada (as mentioned on IRCC)
AIESEC Canada
- Description: A non-profit organization focused on developing leadership in youth.
- Types of Work Permits:
- Young Professionals (employer-specific work permit) for career development.
- Target Ages: 18 to 30
- Eligible To: IEC countries/territories, Brazil, India
GO International
- Description: A Canadian organization offering work and travel opportunities.
- Types of Work Permits:
- Working Holiday (open work permit).
- Target Ages: 18 to 35
- Eligible To: IEC countries/territories, the United States
International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience (IAESTE)
- Description: Provides opportunities in technical career-related jobs.
- Types of Work Permits:
- Young Professionals (employer-specific work permit) for career development.
- International Co-op (Internship) (employer-specific work permit) for students.
- Target Ages: 18 to 35
- Eligible To: IEC countries and other IAESTE country partners
A-Way to Work/International Rural Exchange Canada Inc.
- Description: Offers paid opportunities in various sectors including agriculture, hospitality, and tourism.
- Types of Work Permits:
- Working Holiday (open work permit).
- Young Professionals (employer-specific work permit) for career development.
- Target Ages: 18 to 35
- Eligible To: IEC countries/territories only
Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN
- Description: Provides internships for students and recent graduates.
- Types of Work Permits:
- Working Holiday (open work permit).
- International Co-op (Internship) (employer-specific work permit) for students.
- Target Ages: 18 to 35
- Eligible To: IEC countries/territories only
Stepwest
- Description: Offers work experiences including ski resort jobs and industry-specific internships.
- Types of Work Permits:
- Working Holiday (open work permit).
- Young Professionals (employer-specific work permit) for career development.
- Target Ages: 18 to 35
- Eligible To: IEC countries/territories only
SWAP Working Holidays
- Description: Assists with working holidays and young professional work and travel opportunities.
- Types of Work Permits:
- Working Holiday (open work permit).
- Young Professionals (employer-specific work permit) for career development.
- Target Ages: 18 to 35
- Eligible To: IEC countries/territories, the United States
The IEC Process
Processing fees – CAN$ 161
Current processing time – 11 weeks
1. Create a Profile: Become a candidate in one or more IEC pools as soon as possible if you plan to work in Canada within the next 12 months. The 2023 pools are open for eligible candidates to create a profile.
2. Get Invited to Apply: If selected, you will receive an invitation message in your account detailing the category and next steps. You have 10 days to accept the invitation and 20 days to apply online for a work permit.
3. Apply for a Work Permit: Complete the online application, gather required documents, pay the processing fee (CAN$161), and submit the application. Biometrics may also be required.
Staying in Canada After IEC
To remain in Canada beyond the temporary status granted by IEC, you need to pursue permanent residence through various economic immigration programs, such as the Express Entry or the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP). Working in a skilled field for 12 months under IEC can help accumulate points towards Express Entry qualification.